Triangulation Of Data Sources Research Articles

Applying PEOP to Develop an Intervention Framework for Employment in Parkinson's Disease.

Employment intervention is essential for supporting people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), who leave the workforce on average 5 years earlier than those without Parkinson's disease (PD). We developed a framework for occupational therapists (OTs) to address employment for PwPD. Our qualitative analysis employed data source triangulation of environmental scan of resources and publications, electronic medical records data, and focus groups with clinicians and PwPD. The framework underwent expert panel review by OTs and researchers who are knowledgeable of current evidence-based practices for PD. The framework is based on the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model and PEOP Occupational Therapy Process and comprised of four parts: PEOP features of PD relevant to employment, performance changes experienced by PwPD, a process to evaluate and address employment, and intervention ideas. This framework serves as an impetus to explore evidence-based, scalable, proactive intervention approaches to address employment in PwPD.

Burnout Phenomenon on Principals: Impact on Behavior and its Mitigation Strategies

Objective: This research was conducted to gain further understanding of the real experiences (life experiences) of private school principals in order to reveal the substantive meaning of the entire process of their experience of the burnout phenomenon through personal interactions with the principals who were the research subjects which were then articulated through a burnout model that explains more about the processes and factors that play a role in the dynamics of the burnout phenomenon that apply specifically to the subject of school principals. Theoretical Framework: Qualitative research conducted using the phenomenological approach. Research validity was obtained through triangulation of data sources and cross perspectives. Research reliability was obtained through data saturation and in-depth-understanding of the subject from the selected informants. Method: 12 school principals that have worked for around 5-17 years are selected through criteria matching for interviews. This research uses narrative analysis of stories obtained from in-depth interviews with research informants. Result and conclusion: This research has presented evidence that although the role of a leader is very important to motivate and improve the performance of the people being led, in fact the same thing also applies vice versa, the more the people being led or managed can be cooperative with the leader, the more positive the performance of a leader, especially for private school principals in Indonesia. On the other hand, educational foundations as the authority to supervise school principals also have a role in creating a conducive situation for school principals to carry out their duties as well as possible. Research Implications: This research point out several potential steps that need to be taken by educational foundations or organizations that manage an educational institution. This is to ensure that anyone who serves as a school principal can play their role appropriately, efficiently, and produce added value to the organization in the long term. Originality/Value: The findings of this research reinforce theories regarding the burnout phenomenon that have existed so far, by enriching and clarifying the understanding of the meaning of the phenomenon by which the burnout phenomenon occurs at the leadership level in education industry nowadays.

Recruitment Policies for Primary School Educators and National Professional Standards: A Qualitative Analysis

A successful recruitment policy ensures the selection of competent and qualified teachers for the education as well as the overall development of students. Primary education is the foundation of the entire education system. but unfortunately, Pakistan stands at a very low position among other countries of the world in Primary Education. The lack of competent teachers is a major issue in Pakistan. This study was designed to analyze the alignment of recruitment policies for primary school educators in Punjab according to eight indicators that were derived from the National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan. This study was qualitative, so, firstly, the alignment of recruitment policies of 2018 and 2022 with National Professional Standards was analyzed through document analysis. Secondly, members of the district recruitment committee were interviewed to explore the assessment criteria of selection for primary school educators. Trustworthiness was ensured with data source triangulation. The findings revealed that recruitment policy is not aligned with National professional standards for teachers. The interview process for the selection of primary educators needs to be strengthened for the evaluation of future educators.

Communication Strategy for Deliberalization of Islamic Thought at UNIDA Gontor

Liberalism, when viewed from its development, has two main streams that mutually use the term liberal. Classical liberalism or economic liberalism emphasizes individual freedom in carrying out activities in the economic field, and social liberalism, emphasizes the state's role in defending individual rights, usually formed as anti-discrimination laws. In addition to the trend of liberalization which emphasizes economic, political, and social rights, liberalism is also found in the field of religious thought. Indeed, liberalism in Western civilization's social and political fields has slowly separated religion from social and political affairs. Religion has no place in social and political interests. Concepts such as pluralism, multiculturalism, feminism, gender equality, democratization, humanism, freedom, and human rights are several layers of elements in the liberalization movement. Even theses and dissertations in Islamic universities are written to seek Islamic justification for these concepts. To stem this massive liberalization movement, researchers take the example of preventing the liberalization of Islamic thought in Islamic tertiary institutions, namely at the University of Darussalam (UNIDA) Gontor. This type of research is qualitative, with in-depth interview data collection techniques, and data analysis techniques namely triangulation of data sources (results of interviews and previous research). The result of this research is that UNIDA Gontor uses a curriculum based on the Islamization of Science. In addition, Islamization activities are also carried out through weekly student discussions guided by mentors, bi-weekly studies for lecturers and staff, scientific papers written by students and lecturers, and community service activities.

Hiperrealitas Pembaca pada Utas Alternative Universe Boys Love Karakter Anime Chainsaw Man di X (Twitter)

This study aims to uncover the hyperreality conditions experienced by some readers when reading the alternative universe boys love threads of the Chainsaw Man anime characters of the X (Twitter) accounts @haezellatos and @devilsmete. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using a netnographic approach. In addition, the researchers used interviews, observations and documents to collect data. This research uses snowball sampling technique and triangulation of data sources as a technique to check the validity of the data. The results of this study indicate that the alternative universe boys love thread in the Chainsaw Man anime character X (Twitter) accounts @haezellatos and @devilsmete creates a hyperreality condition in readers. This is due to readers being unable to distinguish between the artificial reality, namely the alternative universe boys love thread of the Chainsaw Man anime character, and the original reality, namely the Chainsaw Man anime. Finally, what is experienced by the reader creates hyper-reality conditions and hyper-sensitivity conditions, where artificial reality and original reality merge into one, causing the reader to experience hyper-reality in the alternative universe boys love anime character Chainsaw Man thread.Keywords: alternative universe, anime, boys love, hyperreal, X (Twitter)

Manifestation of Character Education in Ponorogo Keling Dance and Its Relevance as Teaching Material

The study aims to identify character education values in the Ponorogo Keling Dance. The character education values identified were assessed for their relevance as teaching material for the Javanese language subject for secondary-level students. The approach used in this research was qualitative with a constructivist paradigm. The data collection techniques were observation, interviews, literature study, and documentation. The resource person in this research was Wiyoto, head of the Guno Joyo Studio, Keling Dance Association. Data in terms of symbols and meaning will be analyzed using the hypersemiotic theory. The data validity used triangulation of data sources. The results showed that the Keling dance had local wisdom values indicated in symbols. These symbols were visualized in the Keling dance choreography and characters. After employing hyper semiotic theory, the study found symbols in the Keling dance containing character education values. These values are tolerance, creativity, national spirit, love of the nation, and care for the environment. These values are relevant to teaching material for the Javanese language subject in terms of character education values, availability to be integrated with the Javanese language subject, and contextuality following local cultural characteristics. The use of the Keling Dance as teaching material for the Javanese language subject hopefully introduces native Ponorogo arts other than reog.

The Threat Of Tax Avoidance By Multinational Companies Through Profit Shifting

Tax is a mandatory contribution that taxpayers must submit to the state in accordance with the provisions of the law. However, in reality, tax avoidance by multinational companies through profit shifting has resulted in Indonesia losing tax revenue every year. Based on this, the discussion in this study is the causes of the threat of tax avoidance by multinational companies through profit shifting. This research also discusses intelligence strategies in facing the threat of tax avoidance. The method used is qualitative with data sourced from interviews and literature studies. The analysis used is Creswell analysis processed through the Nvivo application. This research also uses data source triangulation to examine data validity. Based on the research results, the causes of this threat are the intention and ability to jeopardize tax revenue. Intelligence strategies in facing this threat are a combination of intelligence objectives, intelligence methods, and intelligence resources. Intelligence objectives include state revenue, tax compliance, and Data-Based Organizations. Intelligence methods include Business Intelligence (BI), Compliance Risk Management (CRM), and data analysis. Intelligence resources include cooperation and data and information.

Enhancing the enactment of assessment for learning principles during school placement: preservice teachers as practitioner researchers within a learning community

ABSTRACT Enacting Assessment for Learning (AfL) is challenging for teachers and even more for Preservice Teachers (PSTs). The support for those attempting to enact it has been considered insufficient and/or inadequate. This study aims to examine how positioning preservice teachers as practitioner researchers while belonging to a learning community can facilitate PSTs’ enactment of AfL during their school placement. It draws on the triangulation of different qualitative data sources, e.g. focus group, researcher’s field notes, testimonial survey, and school placement report, inquiring the practice of eight PSTs and the interaction within a learning community supported by a researcher, university supervisor and cooperating teachers. Despite belonging to the same learning community, PSTs struggle differently in embedding assessment in the learning experiences, including students, and facilitating students’ understanding of feedback and the teaching-learning process. Teacher education programmes are prompted to consider how best to support PSTs enacting AfL practices.

Tackling Unintended Consequences of EU Sanctions: NGOs' Advocacy for Humanitarian Exceptions

AbstractSanctions are increasingly prominent foreign policy tools, but research on the policy process that leads to specific sanction design is limited. Sanctions can have unintended effects on the provision of humanitarian aid in sanctioned countries, which has led to calls for humanitarian exceptions in sanction design. This study focuses on non‐governmental organizations' (NGOs) advocacy for a humanitarian perspective on European Union (EU) sanctions in the period 2020–2021. Building on the Advocacy Coalition Framework and the triangulation of qualitative data sources including interviews and document analysis, this study describes an advocacy coalition of humanitarian NGOs in Brussels, their advocacy strategies and the effectiveness of these strategies. The analysis highlights the coalition's common policy beliefs and documents three advocacy strategies: coalition building, knowledge leadership and lobbying. The analysis then traces the link between these strategies and recent policy changes, namely, clearer European Commission guidelines on the implementation of humanitarian derogations. This policy change was further facilitated by policy brokers and an external shock, the Covid‐19 pandemic. The findings shed light on an understudied design feature of sanctions, i.e., humanitarian exceptions, and on the role of non‐governmental actors in shaping sanction designs.

Efektivitas Layanan Perpustakaan Keliling dalam Mengembangkan Minat Baca Masyarakat di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Kota Sibolga

This research discusses the effectiveness of mobile library services in developing people's reading interest in the Sibolga City Library and Archives Service. The aim of this research is to find out whether the mobile library service at the Sibolga City Library and Archives Service is effective enough in developing people's interest in reading in Sibolga City. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection methods use observation, interviews and documentation, while technical data analysis is carried out in 3 (three) ways, namely data triangulation, method triangulation and source triangulation. The results of this research show that the effectiveness of the mobile library service in developing people's interest in reading in the Sibolga city library and archives service has gone quite well, this can be seen in real conditions after the researchers conducted observations and interviews, which can be seen based on the public's fairly good response, and the enthusiasm of children who always welcome mobile library visits to their schools. Factors that influence mobile library services in developing people's reading interest in the Sibolga City Library and Archives Service, namely book collections, users/readers, librarians on duty, and the mobile library facilities provided are supporting factors. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are in terms of funding, as well as inadequate facilities and infrastructure for the 17 sub-districts which are visiting points for mobile libraries for the Sibolga city library and archives service.

Tracking the Creativity of Autobiography and Biography Text Through Poster Media for Higher Education

This research aims to analyze students' creativity in writing autobiography and biography texts in Arabic using poster media in higher education. Researchers used a qualitative approach with a case study method on 35 students. Data collection techniques used interviews, documentation and observation in Arabic writing skills learning activities, while the data analysis techniques used included triangulation of data sources identified through three stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that: 1) Student creativity in writing autobiographical and biographical texts using posters is more varied with the choice of colors, images and identification of introductory texts, experiences and life learning; 2) the sentence structure used consists of five structures, namely the structure of verbs, nouns, adverbial attributes, properties and prepositions. Research findings show that the use of poster media in learning writing skills is able to develop creativity and a variety of sentence structures. This research is limited to only two texts, so the researcher recommends further research to analyze a variety of other texts using poster media and more varied research methods

Management And Reporting Of Wakaf Assets Based On Psak Number 112 (Study Case At The Sulsel Ministry Of Religion)

The aim of this research is to find out how Waqf Assets are managed and reported based on PSAK Number 112 (Case Study at the Ministry of Religion of South Sulawesi). Apart from that, this research also wants to see how accountable waqf management is in the Ministry of Religion of South Sulawesi Province from a sharia enterprise theory perspective. This research is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological study approach carried out using in-depth interview techniques with predetermined sources. The interview data that has been collected is reduced and then analyzed to draw a final conclusion. In order to maintain the quality of research results, a data validity test was carried out using data source triangulation. The results of the research reveal that the waqf accounting treatment at the South Sulawesi Provincial Ministry of Religion is still carried out simply and refers to the regulations issued by the central Ministry of Religion. The accounting treatment of waqf at the Ministry of Religion of South Sulawesi Province is specifically not in accordance with PSAK 112 which is due to the lack of adjustments in terms of standardization of accounting treatment carried out. Furthermore, from the sharia enterprise theory perspective, waqf management carried out by the Ministry of Religion of South Sulawesi Province has fulfilled the aspects of accountability and transparency as evidenced by the openness of information and the accountability model which is explained very clearly.

Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes reduction among older people living with HIV in Harare.

Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes reduction among older people aged more than 50 years living with HIV (PLWH) are pertinent as they face excess risks amid a growing population of ageing PLWH. To describe interventions for Type 2 Diabetes reduction among older people living with HIV in Harare Urban DistrictSetting: The study was conducted in a low socio-economic setting from five primary health care clinics in Harare urban District. A qualitative multi-method approach was applied using an exploratory descriptive design and an integrative review literature. The exploratory descriptive study collected data from two purposively selected samples; (1) older PLWH and (2) nurses. Whittemore and Knafl's framework was used for the integrative literature review with articles from 2013 to 2023 selected. Data source triangulation was applied using Braun and Clark's content analysis framework. Ethical approval was obtained (14056739_CREC_CHS_2022). 23 older PLWH with mean age, 62 years, 9 nurses with an average of 6 years' experience and 12 articles comprised the three data sources. Key themes that emerged were that, screening should include; assessment from a younger age; assessment of HIV and ART-specific risks; diagnostic testing of Type 2 diabetes tests at ART initiation and routinely. Health education should provide information on adequate physical activity parameters and increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Metformin may be considered as a pharmacological intervention where lifestyle interventions fail. The proposed interventions suggest measures to reduce Type 2 Diabetes and mitigate excess risks faced by older PLWH.Contribution: Improved screening, health education and pharmacological interventions for older PLWH in primary health care settings enable Type 2 Diabetes reduction.

CHORAL READING AND SQ3R METHODS IN TEACHING READING AT THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT MTSN 1 PONOROGO

Reading is one of several skills that students must master in learning English. Teacher needs proper methods especially in teaching reading. Implementing the teaching method affects student learning outcomes, so the teacher should consider the appropriate teaching methods by initiating the class environment and the student's condition. The aims of this research are; 1). To identify how the implementation of choral reading and SQ3R methods are used by the teacher, 2). What the problems are found by the teacher in applying these methods, and 3). What the teacher’s ways are to overcome the problems in applying these methods in teaching reading at the seventh-grade students at MTsN 1 Ponorogo. This research was conducted at MTsN 1 Ponorogo by using descriptive qualitative method. The data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The data from interview and observation were obtained in the form of interview and observation transcripts, and the documentation results were in the form of lesson plan. The data were analyzed using the theory of Miles and Huberman. The steps were data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusion. To test the validity of the data, the researcher used triangulation of data sources. The researcher found that the implementation of Choral Reading and SQ3R methods was divided into some steps. The steps of the choral reading method were the teacher gave an example of the correct reading, the students were repeated after the teacher, and the teacher went around to check the students' mistakes. The steps in the SQ3R method were survey, read, recite, and review. The problems faced by the teacher in applying these methods were students were not enthusiastic about following the lesson, and students often did not bring dictionaries. Meanwhile, the problems were solved by announcing that the students must submit an assignment, and the teacher consistently used the methods over several meetings and instructed the students to borrow a dictionary from a friend in another class or at the library. Keywords: Teaching Method, Teaching Reading, Choral Reading, SQ3R

Exploring the Challenges in Covering Dental Services through Complementary Insurance in Iran: A Qualitative Study.

Financial protection is crucial for attaining universal health coverage. The inclusion of costly dental services in insurance plans poses a significant challenge for all parties involved in the insurance sector. This study aimed to investigate the challenges of covering dental services by complementary insurance in Iran during 2020-2021. This qualitative research was conducted in Iran during 2020-2021. A triangulation of methods and data sources were employed to achieve a comprehensive perspective. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted on an individual basis, and all national documents, rules, regulations, and instructions pertaining to complementary dental insurance were thoroughly reviewed. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants from all stakeholder groups engaged in dental insurance coverage, including (1) health system policymakers, (2) insurers, (3) policyholders, (4) care providers (dentists), and (5) insured people. Six open-ended questions were formulated to explore various facets of dental insurance, including (1) development, (2) management, (3) population coverage, (4) premium calculation, (5) services coverage, and (6) payment and reimbursement mechanisms. With the consent of the participants, all interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The gathered data were evaluated using a framework analysis approach in the MAXQDA20 software. Finally, the primary themes, each encompassing multiple subthemes, were identified and presented. A total of 26 interviews were conducted with five groups of interviewees, and nine national documents were evaluated. Six themes were extracted, which included 18 codes from the interviews and seven codes from the documents. The extracted themes were as follows: (1) Insurance commitments and service coverage, (2) reimbursement system, (3) information system, (4) economic issues, (5) population coverage, and (6) regulation and supervision. The high cost of dental services was the most frequent challenge, followed by the insurance commitments and service coverage. The delivery of dental services through complementary insurance in Iran primarily faces economic and service coverage challenges. The resolution hinges on the collaboration between basic and complementary insurance sectors, the development of a unified information system for insured individuals, and the implementation of a risk-adjusted premium plan.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KOMPENSASI DENGAN KINERJA KARYAWAN RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH TEMANGGUNG

The PKU Muhammadiyah Temanggung applies an integrated compensation system to its employees in order to motivate their spirit of work and productivity. Deep evaluation over this system is needed to value the employees peformance quality achievement as one of the factors  to improve the work productivity in this institution. This research has an aim to analyse the connection between Financial Compensation and Non Financial Compensation with the Employees Performance in the PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Temanggung. This quantitative descriptive research was run using the method of Cross Sectional which is the questionnaire means of measurement was applied. The sampling collection was conducted using Purposive Sampling  technique against employees of the PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Temanggung in the amount of 150 respondents who fulfill the criteria. The variables whitin this research consists of Financial Compensation, Non Financial Compensation, and also Employees Performance. The data analysis using Univariat and Bivariat Analysis applying Spearman Correlation Rank and Kendall Tau Test to comprehend the connection among variables. Improving the validity of research data the data source triangulation was done. This research emerging the conclusion that there is no significant connection between  the Financial Compensation and the Employees Peformance in the phase of less significant, and also the existing connection between the Non Financial Compensation and the Employees Performance in the phase of weakness.

Tracking deaths of people who have experienced homelessness: a dynamic cohort study in an Australian city

ObjectiveLife expectancy and rates of premature death are fundamental markers of health and social equity globally, and measures on which people experiencing homelessness face enormous disparities. However, unlike for other...

Phenomenological Approach from The Village Head’s Holistic Leadership in Development Efforts Lake Toba National Tourism Strategic Area

Objective: The research aims to determine the leadership style found in villages in the Lake Toba area which have natural, biological and cultural potential, where presumably, the head of the village head will be able to make breakthroughs in developing the village into a tourist village. The tourism development target for Lake Toba is 1,000,000 foreign tourist visits in 2019, and the damage to tourism infrastructure due to the 2020-2022 pandemic out-break makes this target even more difficult to achieve.
  
 Theoretical framework: Qualitative research conducted using the phenomenological approach. Research validity was obtained through triangulation of data sources and reliability was carried out through repeated observations a year later.
  
 Method: Of the 30 villages located on the shores of the lake, 15 villages were selected for observation and interviews, afterward reduced to 10 villages using feature and demographic approaches. This research is increasingly necessary considering that the world tourism trend is towards the environment, and the development of villages into tourist area can be achieved if the village head's leadership style is appropriate.
  
 Result and conclusion: The research proves the similarity of village heads' experiences in leading villages, integratedly, in a bureaucratic, democratic and transformative manner, where these actions can create change and increase the welfare of village residents. The village head who supports the development of National Tourism Strategy Area of Lake Toba leads holistically.
  
 Research implications: The research provides the government with a standard leadership model that the village head can use to oversee the hamlet's transition into a tourism destination and obtain accreditation.
  
 Originality/value: The research found a leadership model, namely leadership based on statutory regulations, local wisdom and transformation, which was classified then as bureaucratic, democratic and transformative leadership models.

THE EFFORTS OF JORDANIAN POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL SERVICE IN LIGHT OF THE CORONA PANDEMIC

Purpose: This research examines Jordanian political parties' social service programs during COVID-19, identifying challenges and proposing recommendations for improvement, including youth empowerment, geographical expansion, and legislative advocacy.
  
 Theoretical framework:  This research examines the social service efforts of Jordanian political parties during the COVID-19 pandemic using various theoretical frameworks. It examines political party functionality, resource dependency, youth engagement, geopolitical analysis, and policy advocacy. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of these parties' efforts, identify challenges, and offer strategic recommendations for strengthening their social roles and impact.
  
 Design/Methodology/Approach: This research explores the social service efforts of Jordanian political parties during the COVID-19 pandemic using a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews with key informants, documentary analysis, and thematic analysis. Ethical considerations are upheld, and the research is validated and reliable through strategies like triangulation of data sources and member checking. The findings aim to enhance the effectiveness of political parties in addressing societal needs.
  
 Findings: The research on Jordanian political parties' social service efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed challenges such as limited financial resources, limited youth engagement, and geographic disparities. Recommendations for improvement include empowering youth, expanding beyond urban centers, and advocating for legislative reforms. These strategies can enhance the effectiveness of political parties as agents of social change and catalysts for positive transformation in Jordanian communities.
  
 Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study on Jordanian political parties' social service efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic offers academic insights and practical applications. It provides insights into the evolving roles of political organizations in addressing societal needs, empowering youth, and expanding party outreach. The findings can inform strategic decision-making, promoting social cohesion, and advocating for legislative reform.
  
 Originality/Value: This research provides a contextualized analysis of Jordanian political parties' social service efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the intersection of politics and social welfare, identifying challenges like limited resources and geographic disparities. The study offers practical recommendations for improvement and policy implications, emphasizing the importance of fostering an enabling environment for political parties to engage in social service provision.

Toward inclusive leadership in meeting linguistic and cultural diversity in language education policy: “not giving up on parents and children”

ABSTRACT The study explores the practices of inclusive educational leadership of local policy makers in a city with a high level of linguistic and cultural diversity (LCD), during a process of policy change. The LCD of the city poses many challenges to managing preschool education. To rethink language ideology toward welcoming LCD, the city’s policymakers adopted an inclusive leadership framework and initiated an inclusive forum comprising policymakers from diverse cultural and professional backgrounds. The study focused on the change process, from an ethnographic perspective, with triangulation of data sources. It involved focus-group discussions, individual interviews with policymakers and classroom observations. The analysis revealed that collective agency enactment was characterized by critical reflections on past professional and personal experience; planning of changes in language education policy; high level of commitment to preschool pedagogical staffs and LCD families; practical steps in facing challenges of LCD classrooms; and future visions and long-term expectations from engagement in the stream of change. The study’s significance is in theoretical and practical understanding of policymakers’ collective agency and their role in creating an inclusive community.